LDPC concatenated space-time block coded system in multipath fading environment: Analysis and evaluation

Irregular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have been found to show exceptionally good performance for single antenna systems over a wide class of channels. In this paper, the performance of LDPC codes with multiple antenna systems is investigated in flat Rayleigh and Rician fading channels for different modulation schemes. The focus of attention is mainly on the concatenation of irregular LDPC codes with complex orthogonal space-time codes. Iterative decoding is carried out with a density evolution method that sets a threshold above which the code performs well. For the proposed concatenated system, the simulation results show that the QAM technique achieves a higher coding gain of 8.8 dB and 3.2 dB over the QPSK technique in Rician (LOS) and Rayleigh (NLOS) faded environments respectively

Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal sonography versus hysteroscopy in detection of submucous myomas in peri and postmenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a very common gynaecological condition that affects all age groups. This study was aimed at assessing the usefulness of TVS in comparison with hysteroscopy in AUB evaluation. Aim was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal sonography versus hysteroscopy in detection of submucous myomas in peri and postmenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding.Methods: The present study was prospective cross sectional study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kamla Nehru State Hospital for Mother and Child Indira Gandhi Medical College Shimla for period of one year w.e.f. 1st May 2018 to 30th April 2019. The study was started after hospital ethical committee approval. 76 patients peri and post-menopausal women were enrolled in the study after taking written consent.Results: On TVS- all the study subjects underwent TVS examination, submucous fibroid was detected in 10 subjects (n= 76) i.e. 13.1% (all perimenopausal). On hysteroscopy submucous fibroid was detected in 11 (14.4%) subjects, on histopathology it was confirmed in 11 subjects (14.4%). Out of 11, 8 patients underwent hysterectomy, 1 myomectomy, 2 patients had hysteroscopic removal of fibroid. 1 subject with AUB-LSM was wrongly diagnosed as AUB-P. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of transvaginal sonography versus hysteroscopy was 90.09%, 100%, 100%, 98.5% respectively.Conclusions: TVS is an important initial modality for evaluating the patient of AUB. It is quick, simple, painless, least invasive, less expensive and readily available procedure and does not need full bladder like TAS. On the other hand, hysteroscopy has a better diagnostic accuracy as it provides the option of see and treat which is recommended for peri and post-menopausal women with AUB

Energy and Load Aware Multipath Route Selection for Mobile Ad hoc Networks

Routing protocols are crucial in delivering packets from source to destination in scenarios where destinations are not directly within the sender’s range. Various routing protocols employ different strategies, but their presence is indispensable for seamless data transfer from source to destination. Multipath routing, while offering load balancing, often falls short in efficiently distributing the network’s load, thus adversely impacting the vital communication resource—energy—due to packet loss. This paper introduces an Energy-Efficient Load-Aware Routing (ELAM) scheme to enhance the routing performance of Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). Our motivation stems from the observation that many multipath routing protocols are designed based on a single criterion, such as the shortest path, often neglecting load balancing or energy conservation. While the Ad Hoc On-Demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) protocol demonstrates improved performance compared to unipath routing schemes, achieving both load balancing and energy efficiency remains challenging.  The proposed ELAM scheme considers energy conservation, the shortest path, and load balancing to enhance the performance of multipath routing protocols. ELAM considers the shortest path and energy conservation while accommodating more than two paths in a MANET. We introduce an energy factor that contributes to the network’s lifespan, with efficient load balancing enhancing the longevity of nodes and the overall network. The energy factor provides insights into the energy status, and we evaluate the performance of AODV, AOMDV, and the proposed ELAM. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms existing protocols and effectively manages unnecessary energy consumption by mobile nodes. Our performance analysis reveals a minimum 5% improvement in throughput and Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), indicating reduced packet dropping and network delays

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with pregnancy: a rare case

Pregnancy complicated with leukemia is rare. Validated data out of which conclusions may be drawn regarding management of pregnancy with leukemia are sparse

Understanding Importance of Soil Testing and Significance of SOC on Crop Productivity

Healthy soils are important to grow healthy crops, raising healthy animals, and supporting a healthy human population through nutritionally balanced diets. As an indicator for soil health, SOC is important for its contributions to food production, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It supports multiple soil functions determining soil physical, chemical and biological quality parameters contributing to the productive capacity of soil. It improves soil structural stability by promoting aggregate formation which, together with porosity, ensures sufficient aeration and water infiltration to support plant growth. It is one of the factors that help in increasing water holding capacity, improves cation exchange capacity to hold huge quantities of positively charged nutrients such as calcium, magnesium and potassium until the plant needs them. View Article DOI: 10.47856/ijaast.2022.v09i05.00

Role of FNAC in the diagnosis of intraosseous jaw lesions

Background: FNAC of intraosseous jaw lesions has not been widely utilized for diagnosis due to rarity and diversity of these lesions, limited experience and lack of well established cytological features. Aim of the study was to determine the role of FNAC in the diagnosis of intraosseous jaw swellings. Material and Methods: 42 patients underwent FNAC over a period of 7 years (2007-2013), of which 37 (88.1%) aspirates were diagnostic. Histopathology correlation was available in 33 cases and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was calculated. Results: Lesions were categorized into inflammatory 3, cysts/hamartomas 15 and neoplasms 19. Mandibular and maxillary involvement was seen in 21 and 16 patients respectively. Of these, benign cysts and malignant lesions were commonest, accounting for 27% lesions (10 cases) each. One case of cystic ameloblastoma was misdiagnosed as odontogenic cyst on cytology. Overall, sensitivity and specificity of FNAC were 94.7% and 100% respectively with a diagnostic accuracy of 97.3%. Definitive categorization of giant cell lesions, fibro-osseous lesions, odontogenic tumors and cystic lesions was not feasible on FNAC. Conclusions: FNAC is a simple, safe and minimally invasive first line investigation which can render an accurate preoperative diagnosis of intraosseous jaw lesions, especially the malignant ones in the light of clinic-radiological correlation

Scar endometriosis following caesarean section: a rare case report

Endometriosis is presence of functioning endometrial tissue (glands and stroma) outside the uterine cavity. Endometriosis can sometimes occur in previous surgical scar. Scar endometriosis is rare and difficult to diagnose. It mostly follows obstetrical and gynaecological surgeries. We present here a case report of a patient who developed scar endometriosis following a caesarean section which was dealt adequately in the subsequent caesarean section

Mapping the interaction site of Rpb4 and Rpb7 subunits of RNA polymerase II in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Rpb4 and Rpb7, the fourth and the seventh largest subunits of RNA polymerase II, form a heterodimer in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To identify the site of interaction between these subunits, we constructed truncation mutants of both these proteins and carried out yeast two hybrid analysis. Deletions in the amino and carboxyl terminal domains of Rpb7 abolished its interaction with Rpb4. In comparison, deletion of up to 49 N-terminal amino acids of Rpb4 reduced its interaction with Rpb7. Complete abolishment of interaction between Rpb4 and Rpb7 occurred by truncation of 1-106, 1-142, 108-221, 172-221 or 198-221 amino acids of Rpb4. Use of the yeast two-hybrid analysis in conjunction with computational analysis of the recently reported crystal structure of Rpb4/Rpb7 sub-complex allowed us to identify regions previously not suspected to be involved in the functional interaction of these proteins. Taken together, our results have identified the regions that are involved in interaction between the Rpb4 and Rpb7 subunits of S. cerevisiae RNA polymerase II in vivo

Utility of doppler derived middle cerebral artery: peak systolic velocity and pulsatility index in prediction of perinatal outcomes of IUGR pregnancies

Background: To determine the association of Middle cerebral artery-peak systolic velocity (MCA-PCV) and perinatal outcome among IUGR fetuses. Longitudinal changes occurring in MCA-pulsatality index and MCA-PSV in IUGR fetuses were studied and the performance of MCA-PI, MCA-PSV in IUGR fetuses was compared.Methods: Hospital based cohort study of 40 IUGR fetuses (gestation age 28-36 weeks, Estimated fetal weight 95th percentile) in whom MCA-PSV values were obtained on three or more occasions from the time of admission till delivery depending upon period of gestation and severity of IUGR. For analysis purpose two groups were made of twenty patients each depending upon MCA-PSV.Results: All the fetuses (100%) in group B (i.e. with abnormal MCA-PSV) had adverse perinatal outcome in the form of either mortality or major neonatal complication consisting of Newborn intensive care unit stay ≥14 days, requirement of artificial ventilation or presence of intraventricular hemorrhage, respiratory distress or sepsis. Specificity of abnormal MCA-PSV was found to be 100% in predicting adverse perinatal outcome. When followed longitudinally, in the three fetuses having fetal death, the PSV showed an initial increase in velocity followed by a fall prior to demise, thus suggesting that it could be a pre-terminal eventConclusions: Fetal MCA-PSV appears to be a reliable indicator of adverse perinatal outcome in growth restricted fetuses thus implying that abnormality in MCA-PSV warrants stringent monitoring. Serial Doppler examinations of fetal MCA-PSV provide better information than does a single measurement

IS LIMIT

The present disclosure relates to Installment Solutions (IS limit). Particularly, the present disclosure provides a system and method for splitting the existing card limit of a cardholder into a regular and Installment Solutions (IS limit) and defining plans for IS limit. The method further comprises issuing a virtual sub-PAN for IS limit and push provision to eligible merchant apps; and at the time of checkout, selecting sub-PAN as payment mode by the cardholder, where all transactions under the sub-PAN are aggregated during the billing cycle and split into EMIs based on pre-defined plan